The article aims to present the results of empirical research and theoretical analyses concerning the transfer, co-creation, and utilization of scientific knowledge by various entities, emerging at the intersection of science and practice. The research was conducted using survey techniques and in-depth interviews among scientists engaged in research collaboration with entities outside the university, and through case studies of two institutions acting as external partners. Among them were the Lublin City Office and the Lublin Culture Workshops, a municipal cultural institution. (...) The work falls within the realm of social research, which directly (Zerubavel 1997) or indirectly (Sange 1990, Douglas 2011) addresses the functioning and adaptation of various social systems (in this case, institutions and organizations) from the perspective of the communicatively mediated cognitive processes occurring within them (Luhmann 2018, Weick 1995, Lenartowicz et al. 2016a, 2016b). In this context, the subject of cognition and the user of knowledge is not an individual human, but a social system/organization with the capacity to observe itself and its environment, to learn, and to anticipate its future (Hecker 2012; Walsh 1995, Luhmann 2018; Seidl 2006, Lant, Shapira 2001). It posits the existence of a kind of supra-individual rationality, which does not require something like a system's unique self-consciousness, akin to human consciousness, but operates on the principle of L. Fleck's thought collectives, which are emergent in nature with respect to individuals (Sady 2020, Luhmann 1990, Fleck 1986). The rationality of such collectives is defined by their belonging to a functional area of society, hence they differ in the case of entities belonging to the science, economy, politics systems, etc. The research focused on situations where, due to the need for knowledge, various organizations collaborate with scientific units. This research succeeded in characterizing the main stages of establishing and implementing such collaboration, and the main requirements associated with them. The study sought to determine the impact of the interaction of different rationalities on the nature of the co-created knowledge and to identify the conditions of its usefulness, both for external entities and for the scientific system. The adopted indicator of the usefulness of knowledge for the scientific system is the publication of results in scientific journals, while for external entities, its impact on the decision-making process, such as changing operational strategies. In this case, the mechanism of translating knowledge into changes in organizational practices was also examined, paying attention to the existing mechanisms of collective learning within the organization. (shrink)

Is Divine Knowledge Incompatible with Human Freedom? An Analysis of Some Arguments The problem that divine omniscience or divine foreknowledge makes free will impossible belongs to notoriously difficult to solve. In XX century one of the most important interpretation of this difficulty was provided by Nelson Pike. If God believes infallibly and in advance how Smith will act, this fact about the past excludes out all alternatives for Smith. But libertarian account of free will requires alternatives possibilities, so, it could (...) be argue that God’s foreknowledge is incompatible with our free will. This paper carefully criticizes Pike’s argumentation and suggests that because God’s foreknowledge doesn’t eliminate future alternatives through causal means, it is compatible with free will and that Pike’s argument and two briefly analyzed standard arguments for fatalism presented by Zagzebski failed. (shrink)

Transfer Wiedzy W Ekonomii I Zarządzaniu Andrzej Klimczuk Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Akademii Morskiej W Gdyni (2011) .

The article addresses the question whether cybernetic simulations of cognitive processes make the study of actual laws of human thinking possible. The article also draws a comparison between the area of social sciences and the area of formal and natural sciences. The Kaziemierz Twardowski's theory of intentionality and his theory of actions and products provide the conceptual framework of the undertaken analysis.

Vast transformations in the conditions of human life and the growth of scientific knowledge call for large-scale reconstruction in morality. This is the historical context for the contemporary problem of the relation between empirical knowledge and ethics. The present paper examines the metaethical aspects of this problem. It is argued that the sharp isolation of ethics from empirical science, representing a philosophical convergence of Kantian, phenomenological and positivist theses, should be seen as a distinctive intellectual program in the 20th century (...) ethics and not as an established theory; that this program has by now had its trial and failed, both on the conceptual and the empirical side; that the program rests on a psychology now abandoned in the progress of science. It is suggested that an opposing integrative program which relates empirical knowledge and ethics is more likely to succeed, that it is better grounded psychologically and stands a better chance of a helping deal with the practical problems of morality in the contemporary world. These several theses are explored in outline, with some indication of the way conceptual frameworks in ethics are to be justified in the long run. (shrink)

Jednym z podstawowych problemów występujących w badaniach świadomości ekologicznej młodzieży jest poznanie stopnia jej znajomości istotnych zagadnień związanych z tematyką ekologiczną, różnorodnych źródeł tej wiedzy oraz wiarygodności tych źródeł pozyskiwania wiedzy. Wiedza ekologiczna bywa utożsamiana z intelektualno-poznawczym parametrem kultury ekologicznej. Nie musi ona bezpośrednio odzwierciedlać się w zachowaniach ekologicznych młodzieży. Niewątpliwie jednak jest niezbędna do tego, by zmieniać jej postawy społeczne wobec środowiska. Młodzież stanowi ponad 1/3 ludności świata, lecz jej wiedza dotycząca związków między człowiekiem a środowiskiem jest (...) niedokładna lub niewystarczająca. Dlatego edukacja środowiska i jego racjonalne kształtowanie są ze sobą w ścisłej zależności. Bez wiedzy ekologicznej i nawyków trudno zrozumieć postawy młodzieży wobec środowiska. Proces wychowania i nauczania środowiskowego odnosić się musi jednak do diagnozy tych obszarów wiedzy i niewiedzy ekologicznej młodzieży, które należy kształtować w kierunku zmian określonych założeniami ekorozwoju. (shrink)

The aim of the article is an analysis of the early works of Jarosław Ładosz, a Polish philosopher and mathematician, who in the 1960s conducted a thorough examination of the most important scientific accomplishments in the field of logic and mathematics from the perspective of Marxist philosophy. Being nowadays assessed as a symbol of dogmatism and orthodoxy in Polish Marxism, Ładosz revised most of the superstitions on the relationship between mathematical logic and dialectics, which have been legitimized in official Marxist (...) philosophy since the times of Marx and Engels, in his early works. Having rejected the claims of some Marxists for the formalization of dialectics, he presented the original concept of dialectics as a methodological tool for studying the sources of logical knowledge. Combining dialectical materialism with Jean Piaget’s epistemology, he formulated an elaborate, original hypothesis of the social construction of logico-mathematical knowledge, while at the same time transcending the subject-object division as-sumed in Marxist dogmatic epistemology. (shrink)

How the idea of tacit knowledge is being understood typically? The article reconstructs interpretations in context of three different disciplines: (1) linguistics, (2) cognitive psychology and (3) sociology of knowledge. Furthermore, it proposes (4) definitional criteria for a general notion of tacit knowledge.

The Jesuits have played a significant part in the history of Poland from the religious, social and cultural aspects. Little wonder, then, that over 5,000 books and articles have been devoted to the Order and its individual members in Poland. However, the Jesuit Order does not as yet have a full synthesis of its own on the subject of its history in Poland. The only work of a synthetic nature, by S. Załęski, Jezuici w Polsce [The Jesuits in Poland],, notwithstanding (...) the usefulness of its content still today, is no longer up to the modem expectations and standards required by historians. The compilation of a new comprehensive synthesis will call for the accumulation and presentation of the vast volume of material concerning the various aspects of the Order's history. (shrink)

On Relation between the Individual Character of Propositional Knowledge and Its Value -/- The paper presents two aspects of human propositional knowledge, objective and subjective. The former is based on the truth condition, and the latter on the belief condition. Then several problems of the value of knowledge are briefly presented. The last part contains two arguments for the sine qua non belief condition of knowledge, one of which concerns the problem of epistemic luck assumed in virtue.